I contributed a chapter to a Chatham House paper on preliminary conclusions about Russia’s warfighting capabilities based on the first twelve months following Moscow’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. My chapter dealt with the naval domain, and highlighted a number of issues which has stopped the Russian Navy from having the impact many expected, as well as how this might impact the future of the fleet.

Notable is that while Western sanctions are working, they need to be better adapted to the unique nature of the maritime industry, where several system still are classified as civilian items.